What does the term 'integrated pest management' refer to?

The term 'integrated pest management' (IPM) refers to a holistic approach that combines multiple pest control strategies to manage pest populations in an effective and environmentally responsible manner. This method incorporates a variety of practices including cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical controls, all carefully selected and integrated based on the specific pest problem, the environmental context, and the long-term sustainability of the ecosystem.

By utilizing a combination of strategies, IPM aims to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides, minimize risks to human health and the environment, and improve the efficacy of pest management. This approach allows for more adaptive and responsive management of pest issues, considering factors such as life cycles, pest resistance, and ecosystem interactions.

The other options, while representing aspects of pest control, do not encompass the comprehensive strategy that IPM provides. Solely using chemical pesticides can lead to resistance and environmental harm. Planting only native species can be beneficial, but it does not address pest management specifically. Focusing solely on preventative measures overlooks the need for reactive strategies to address existing pest populations. Through IPM, the goal is to achieve a balanced and sustainable approach to pest management.