What impact does soil compaction have on plants?

Soil compaction has a significant negative impact on plants primarily by restricting root growth. When the soil becomes compacted, the particles are pressed closely together, which decreases the pore spaces in the soil. This leads to several detrimental effects for plant health.

Firstly, compacted soil makes it difficult for roots to penetrate and expand, which hinders their growth and ability to access nutrients and water. The reduced pore space also restricts airflow to the roots, which can affect respiration and overall health of the plant. Furthermore, water movement through compacted soil is impaired, making it harder for roots to absorb moisture, especially during dry periods.

In contrast to the other choices, options suggesting that soil compaction enhances root growth, increases water movement, or benefits nutrient absorption are not accurate. Compacted soil conditions create hurdles for plants, and understanding this relationship is crucial for effective soil management in turf and ornamental systems.