What is meant by "plant stress" in horticulture?

In horticulture, "plant stress" refers to a condition where plants experience unhealthy growth resulting from adverse environmental factors. This can include a variety of stressors such as drought, nutrient deficiencies, excessive heat, pest infestations, or diseases. When plants are under stress, they may show signs such as wilting, yellowing leaves, stunted growth, or increased susceptibility to pests and diseases. Recognizing and managing these stress factors is crucial for maintaining the overall health and productivity of plants.

The other options highlight specific scenarios that can contribute to stress but do not encompass the broader definition. For instance, too much water can lead to root rot, while insufficient sunlight affects photosynthesis. Rapid growth can indicate other issues, such as poor plant structure or nutrient imbalances, but these situations focus on specific growth factors rather than the overall concept of stress from adverse conditions. Understanding plant stress in its entirety helps horticulturists create better management strategies to enhance plant resilience.