What process involves converting light energy from the sun into chemical energy in plants?

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose. During this process, plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water from the soil. Utilizing sunlight, they transform these inputs into glucose and oxygen, which is then released as a byproduct. This transformation is vital for the survival of plants as it provides them with the energy needed for growth and metabolism.

In contrast, cellular respiration is a process where glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to release energy for cellular activities, which is the opposite of what occurs during photosynthesis. Transpiration refers to the movement of water through plants and its evaporation from aerial parts, mainly leaves. Fermentation is an anaerobic process that occurs when oxygen is not available, allowing organisms to produce energy without using oxygen, typically resulting in byproducts like alcohol or lactic acid, which is unrelated to the conversion of sunlight into energy.